Cabozantinib is a strong multi-kinase inhibitor that is used to treat a number of tumors, such as medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It functions by blocking particular tyrosine kinases implicated in angiogenesis, tumor development, and the spread of metastases. For dose titration and patient-specific treatment plans, the 20 mg dosage form is one of various strengths that are offered.

Composition and Appearance

Cabozantinib 20 mg is offered in either tablet or capsule form, based on the formulation. This drug’s active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is cabozantinib (S)-malate. Excipients including microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, and colloidal silicon dioxide are examples of inactive substances that support tablet stability, dissolving, and absorption.

Cabozantinib 20 mg tablets are usually film-coated and, depending on the manufacturer, may have a distinctive hue, like light brown or yellow. In order to assist differentiate it from other strengths or drugs, it may have an imprint. Its shape varies, but it is often round or oval.

Pharmacological Classification

Cabozantinib is a member of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) class. Several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are specifically inhibited by it, including:

Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, or MET, contributes to the growth and spread of cancer cells.

Angiogenesis, or the creation of new blood vessels, depends on VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3).

Tumor development and resistance are influenced by AXL and RET.

Cabozantinib decreases the growth of tumors, stops the development of new blood vessels that supply cancer cells, and stops the spread of cancer by blocking these pathways.

Indications and Uses

Cabozantinib 20 mg is used as part of a dosage regimen for:

Used either by itself or in conjunction with nivolumab in more advanced cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Suitable for patients who have received sorafenib treatment in the past.

When the cancer is metastatic or progressed, it is referred to as medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Dosage and Administration

Depending on the kind of cancer, the usual initial dose of cabozantinib is 60 mg once day.

Patients who are experiencing side effects are usually treated with dose modifications using the 20 mg strength.

At least one hour before or two hours after a meal, it should be taken empty-handed.

It is best to consume tablets whole with water rather than chewing or crushing them.

Side Effects and Precautions

Common side effects of cabozantinib include:

• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Hypertension
• Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (hand-foot syndrome)
• Loss of appetite
• Increased liver enzymes

Severe bleeding, intestinal perforation, and thromboembolism are examples of serious adverse effects. Patients who have recently undergone surgery, have uncontrolled hypertension, or have a history of bleeding issues should use cabozantinib with caution.

Storage and Handling

Keep at 25°C (77°F), with acceptable deviations of 15°C to 30°C.

Store out of direct sunlight and moisture in the original container.

Keep out of reach of kids.

Conclusion

Cabozantinib 20 mg performs a vital part in targeted cancer treatment by blocking several kinases that contribute to the growth of tumors. For patients with advanced malignancies, it is a successful therapy option that enhances quality of life and survival rates. However, to maximize its therapeutic benefits, close observation for adverse effects and dose modifications are necessary.

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1. Cabozantinib: is it a chemotherapy drug?
A chemotherapeutic medication called Cabometyx (cabozantinib) is used to treat patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) and advanced renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), including as a first-line treatment when combined with Opdivo (nivolumab).

2. How long does cabozantinib treatment last?
Treatment with cabozantinib lasted 6.0 (0.3-30.5) months on average. At least one dose decrease was experienced by two-thirds (n = 66) of the patients; 57 (86.4%) had one reduction and 9 (13.6%) had two.

3. When is the best time to take cabozantinib?
With nivolumab + cabozantinib, the median time to response was 2.8 months (range: 1.0 to 19.4), while with sunitinib, it was 4.2 months (range: 1.7 to 12.3).

4. When does an oncology treatment fail?
The period from randomization to treatment termination for whatever cause, such as illness progression, treatment toxicity, or death, is sometimes referred to as time to treatment failure (TTF).

5. How long does the course of treatment last?
How long (days, weeks, months, or years) a patient should get manual treatment for a particular issue is known as the treatment duration.