Palbociclib, marketed as Ibrance, is a prescribed drug for treating hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Depending on the patient’s menopausal status and treatment history, it is most often prescribed alongside hormone therapy, such as letrozole or fulvestrant. Ibrance is categorized as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, and it works by targeting particular proteins that encourage the growth of cancer cells.

Mechanism of Action

Palbociclib functions by blocking the action of CDK4 and CDK6, two proteins essential for cell division. In HR+/HER2- breast cancers, these proteins frequently exhibit overactivity, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Palbociclib inhibits CDK4/6, thereby slowing cancer progression by preventing cancer cells from moving from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle. This leads to cell cycle arrest and diminished tumor growth.

Indications

Palbociclib in capsule form (125 mg) is indicated for treating:

HR+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer treated with an aromatase inhibitor as the first endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women or men.

HR+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer with fulvestrant in patients experiencing disease progression after endocrine therapy.

Dosage and Administration

Ibrance is typically dosed at 125 mg, taken by mouth once a day for 21 days in a row, with a 7-day treatment break afterward, creating a cycle of 28 days. It is usually administered in combination with an endocrine therapy agent.

Ibrance should be taken with food at approximately the same time each day.

The capsules must be ingested intact and should not be opened, crushed, or chewed.

In the event of side effects or diminished tolerance, it may be required to adjust the dose.

Side Effects

Palbociclib (Ibrance) 125 mg like all medications, can lead to side effects, and some of these may necessitate medical attention. Frequent adverse effects include:

Neutropenia (low white blood cell count) – This is the most prevalent side effect and can elevate the risk of infection.

Müdigkeit

Übelkeit

Thinning hair or loss of hair

Durchfall

Eisenmangel

Mundschleimhautentzündung (Entzündung im Mundbereich)

Serious but less frequent side effects may include:

Infections caused by diminished immune function

lung embolism

Abnormal liver function

It is necessary to conduct regular blood tests throughout treatment in order to keep track of blood counts and liver function.

Precautions and Warnings

Prior to commencing treatment with Palbociclib, it is crucial to notify your healthcare provider of the following:

Any past occurrence of liver or kidney disease

Pre-existing infections or compromised immune system

Utilization of additional drugs, particularly those that influence the CYP3A enzyme system

During pregnancy, if you are planning to become pregnant, or while breastfeeding, as Ibrance can be harmful to an unborn child or a nursing baby

Women undergoing treatment should use effective contraception during the treatment period and for at least 3 weeks after their final dose, while men should do so if their female partners are of reproductive potential for 3 months after the last dose.

Drug Interactions

The liver enzyme CYP3A4 is responsible for the metabolism of palbociclib. Thus, it could engage with:

Potent CYP3A inhibitors (such as ketoconazole, clarithromycin)

Induktorer av CYP3A (som rifampicin og karbamazepin)

Herbal products such as St. John’s Wort

The effectiveness of Palbociclib or the likelihood of adverse effects may be affected by its combination with such medications. Always check with your doctor before beginning or discontinuing any medications.

Storage and Handling

Ibrance capsules should be stored at room temperature, precisely between 20°C and 25°C (68°F to 77°F), and shielded from moisture and heat. Store the medicine in its original package and ensure it is inaccessible to children.

Patient Assistance and Cost

Pfizer, the manufacturer of Ibrance, provides patient assistance programs to help manage the medication’s cost. As insurance coverage differs, patients are advised to investigate financial assistance options via their healthcare provider or the Pfizer Oncology Together program.

Conclusion

Palbociclib (Ibrance) 125 mg represents a major step forward in the treatment of advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer, providing hope for extended progression-free survival when combined with hormone therapy. Although it has possible side effects and necessitates regular monitoring, its targeted method allows patients to manage their condition more effectively than through traditional chemotherapy. To ensure safe and optimal treatment outcomes, always adhere to your healthcare provider’s instructions and attend scheduled check-ups.

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1. What is the purpose of Palbociclib (Ibrance)?
Answer: Palbociclib is utilized alongside hormone therapy (such as letrozole or fulvestrant) for the treatment of HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

2. What is the mechanism of action of Palbociclib?
Answer: It is a CDK4/6 inhibitor that slows or halts the growth of cancer cells by blocking proteins involved in cell division.

3. What is the method of taking Palbociclib (Ibrance) 125 mg?
Answer: It is to be taken orally once a day for 21 days in a row, with a 7-day break afterward (28-day cycle). It should be ingested with food at roughly the same time each day.

4. Is it safe to combine Palbociclib with other drugs?
Response: Care is required. Certain medications may have interactions, particularly those that are CYP3A inhibitors or inducers (such as ketoconazole or rifampin). Always notify your doctor about all the medications you are taking.

5. What should I do if I miss a dose?
In case of a missed or vomited dose, refrain from taking an additional dose. Simply administer the next dose as per the usual timetable. Contact your healthcare provider for guidance.